8 Answers Logical components: OU(organizational Unit) Domains Forests Trees Physical components: Active Directory Sites(physical resources) DC(Domain Controllers) Physical Components: Data Store Domain Controlles Global Catalog server Read-only Domain controller (RODC) Logical Components: Partitions Schema Domains Domain trees Forests Sites Organizational Unit (OU) Physical components are Domain controller and site. Logical components are Domains, forests, trees etc. There are Many definitions available for ADS, And here i have provided answer by considering it as Active Directory Directory Services consist of multiple directory services. The best known is Active Directory Domain Services. Commonly abbreviated as ADDS or simply ADThe physical component of Active directory contain all the physical subnet present in our network like domain controllers and replication between domain controllers. The logical structures of active directory include forest, domains, tree, OUs and global catalogueAnother definition for ADS:An alternate data stream (ADS) is a feature of Windows New Technology File System (NTFS) that contains metadata for locating a specific file by author or title.
Different methods for designing OU structures exist including according to administration (most common), geography, or organizational structure. One popular use of OUs is to delegate administrative authority – this allows you to give a user a degree of administrative control over just the OU, and not the entire domain. Global Catalogs – Global Catalogs are listings of every object that exists within an Active Directory forest. By default, a domain controller only contains information about objects in that domain. A Global Catalog server is a domain controller that contains information about every object (though not every attribute for each) stored in the entire forest. This facilitates and speeds up the search for information in Active Directory. By default only the first domain controller created in a forest has a copy of the global catalog – others much be designated manually. The physical structure of Active Directory helps to manage the communication between servers with respect to the directory.
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Objects: like a user, computer, group, printer etc… Organizational Units – like any folder but in control of Active Directory Domains – Logical boundaries for objects Trees – Logical boundary for multiple domains Forests – Logical boundary for multiple trees Overall, one physical machine running as a Microsoft Domain controller can control all these logical divisions with the help of 'A Operation Master' dedicated to perform specific tasks.
Programming Networking Network Administration: Structure of Active Directory The terms object, organizational unit, domain, tree, and forest are used to describe the way Active Directory organizes its directory data. Like all directories, Active Directory is essentially a database management system. The Active Directory database is where the individual objects tracked by the directory are stored. Active Directory uses a hierarchical database model, which groups items in a tree-like structure. The following sections explain the meaning of these important Active Directory terms. Objects The basic unit of data in Active Directory is called an object. Active Directory can store information about many different kinds of objects. The objects you work with most are users, groups, computers, and printers. The figure below shows the Active Directory Manager displaying a list of built-in objects that come preconfigured with Windows Server 2008 R2. To get to this management tool, choose Start→Administrative Tools→Active Directory Users and Computers.
By placing my user accounts for the marketing department in the Marketing Organizational Unit, it does not matter where a user is physically located, he or she will receive the correct permissions and Group Policies that are defined for the Marketing department. Now let's talk about the physical structure that makes up Active Directory. Physical Structure of Active Directory The physical structure of Active Directory consists of a database that is replicated to all domain controllers in a Forest. The Data Store is what handles all access to the database and consists of services and physical files that make the directory available. The storage architecture of Active Directory has four different parts: Forests, Domains, and Organizational Units are the core elements DNS provides name resolution for domain controllers The Schema provides the object definitions stored in the directory The Data Store manages storage and retrieval of data Another main aspect of Active Directory is Sites. Sites are used for communication between domain controllers located in the same site, and we can use sites to optimize bandwidth between domain controllers that are in different physical locations.